Big meeting’s bottom line: More treatment to curb AIDS

AP Medical Writer

WASHINGTON — Call it a triple win for fighting the AIDS epidemic: Treating people with HIV early keeps them healthy, cuts their chances of infecting others and, now research shows, it is also a good financial investment.

“It is unacceptable” that scientifically proven treatment and prevention tools aren't reaching people who need them most, Nobel laureate Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, co-discoverer of the AIDS virus and new president of the International AIDS Society, told the meeting's closing session Friday.

Former President Bill Clinton, whose foundation funds HIV work, also addressed the group. “All of you have created the possibility that we could have an AIDS-free generation,” he said. “We just have to keep pushing the rocks up the hill.”

Spreading treatment will be hugely expensive upfront but Harvard researchers said Friday that the investment would actually save hard-hit South Africa some money over five years, as savings from treating AIDS-related illnesses exceed the medications’ price. Eventually those savings will be overtaken by the costs of treating millions for decades but treatment-as-prevention still is highly cost-effective, said Rochelle Walensky of the Harvard Center for AIDS Research.

“People used to think there was no way we can do this,” said Diane Havlir of the University of California, San Francisco, who co-chaired the world's largest AIDS meeting. With both scientific and financial validation, “for the first time we're optimistic that we can.”

But new U.S. data show how hard effective treatment is, even in developed countries. Here, most HIV patients have access to treatment, and guidelines say they all should be offered it right after diagnosis. Yet just one in four has the infection under control, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported Friday. Young people and blacks fare the worst.

“We now need big thinking” to improve that number, said Dr. Kevin Fenton, director of CDC's AIDS center, who would like to see it at least doubled soon. “We have the tools. Now we have to move them into real-world policy so they touch the lives of those who need them most.'”

What to look for next?

• More HIV testing, the first step to knowing who needs treatment. In the U.S., nearly 20 percent of people with HIV don't know they're infected. In some countries, less than half do.

“For every $1 we invest in HIV testing, we recoup $2 in societal benefits,” the CDC's Fenton said.

• Debate over how best to use another new protection, giving at-risk healthy people the daily AIDS medicine Truvada to lower their risk of infection. In the U.S., it will cost $14,000. Worry emerged at the conference about whether people who took the pill would forgo mainstay protections such as  condoms.

• Specialists called for overcoming stigma that are blocking the HIV prevention message from reaching many of the people most at risk, especially gay and bisexual men.

Consider Malawi, where homosexuality is illegal and so AIDS prevention stresses heterosexual risk factors, said Johns Hopkins University researcher Andrea Wirtz. Her team managed to study 338 gay men in Malawi and most said they'd never heard that HIV can be spread through anal sex and didn't know how to reduce their risk, she reported Friday.

• A bigger push for women-controlled preventions when their boyfriends or husbands won't use condoms. Activists asked the U.S. government to send more female condoms to hard-hit poor countries and research is beginning in Africa on a vaginal ring soaked with a potentially HIV-blocking drug.

• More research to try curing HIV or to at least put it into remission like cancer, although scientists cautioned that, if that is possible, it probably will take 10 years.

• More research into a vaccine, following new clues about a rare kind of antibody that might be able to block HIV from infecting cells.

Photo: Francoise Barre-Sinoussi